NASA's Psyche mission, aiming to explore a unique metallic asteroid, has begun its main journey using ion thrusters. Launched in October 2023, the Psyche spacecraft initially relied on a traditional boost to leave Earth's orbit. Now, after traveling over 190 million miles (300 million kilometers), it's switched to its ion engines for a more efficient, long-term cruise.
Ion Thrusters: Slow and Steady Wins the Race
Ion thrusters work differently from regular rocket engines. Instead of burning fuel for a powerful burst, they slowly accelerate ions (electrically charged atoms) to create a gentle but constant thrust. This may seem weak, but over time, it builds significant speed, especially without the drag of atmospheric friction in space.
Psyche's Journey
While cruising, Psyche will reach speeds of around 124,000 miles per hour (200,000 kilometers per hour). Interestingly, the spacecraft has a pit stop planned! It will loop back around and encounter Mars in May 2026 for a gravity assist, giving it an extra boost on its way to the asteroid 16 Psyche. The big rendezvous is scheduled for 2029.
This mission aims to unravel the mysteries of 16 Psyche, thought to be the exposed core of an ancient planet, offering valuable insights into the formation of planets and planetary cores.